II.1 ZOOMING
II.1.1 ZOOM
Standard
toolbar:
Command
line: zoom
Specify
corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or
[All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
:
All
Zooms to display
the entire drawing in the current viewport. In a plan view, AutoCAD® zooms to
the grid limits or current extents, whichever is greater. In a 3D view, ZOOM
All is equivalent to ZOOM Extents. The display shows all objects even if the
drawing extends outside the grid limits.
In the
illustration, LIMITS is greater than the
extents of the drawing.
Center
Zooms to display
a window defined by a center point and a magnification value or height. A
smaller value for the height increases the magnification. A larger value
decreases the magnification.
Specify
center point: Specify a point (1)
Enter
magnification or height : Enter a value or press
ENTER
Dynamic
Zooms to display
the generated portion of the drawing with a view box. The view box represents
your viewport, which you can shrink or enlarge and move around the drawing.
Positioning and sizing the view box pans or zooms to fill the viewport with the
image inside the view box.
The panning view
box is displayed first. Drag it to the location you want and click. The zooming
view box is then displayed. Resize it and press ENTER to zoom, or click to
return to the panning view box.
Press ENTER to
fill the current viewport with the area currently enclosed by the view box.
Extents
Zooms to display
the drawing extents and results in the largest possible display of all the
objects.
Previous
Zooms to display the previous view.
You can restore up to 10 previous views.
Scale
Zooms the
display at a specified scale factor.
Enter a
scale factor (nX or nXP): Specify a value
Enter a value
followed by x to specify the scale relative to the current view. For example,
entering .5x causes each object to be displayed at half its current size on the
screen.
Windows
Zooms to display
an area specified by two opposite corners of a rectangular window.
Specify
first corner: Specify a point (1)
Specify
opposite corner: Specify a point (2)
Object
Zooms to display
one or more selected objects as large as possible and in the center of the
drawing area. You can select objects before or after you start the ZOOM
command.
Real Time
The
current drawing area is used to determine the zooming factor. ZOOM uses half of
the window height to move to a zoom factor of 100%. Holding down the pick
button at the midpoint of the window and moving vertically to the top of the
window zooms in to 100%. Conversely, holding the pick button down at the
midpoint of the window and moving vertically to the bottom of the window zooms
out by 100%.
When you have
reached the zoom-in limit, the plus sign in the cursor disappears, indicating
that you can no longer zoom in. When you have reached the zoom-out limit, the
minus sign in the cursor disappears, indicating that you can no longer zoom
out.
When
you release the pick button, zooming stops. You can release the pick button,
move the cursor to another location in the drawing, and then press the pick
button again and continue to zoom the display from that location.
To exit zooming
at the new position, press ENTER or ESC.
II.2.2 PAN
Standard
toolbar:
View menu: Pan 
Realtime
Realtime
Command
line: pan
The cursor
changes to a hand cursor. By holding down the pick button on the pointing
device, you lock the cursor to its current location relative to the viewport
coordinate system. The drawing display is moved in the same direction as the
cursor.
When you reach a
logical extent (edge of the drawing space), a bar is displayed on the hand
cursor on that edge. Depending on whether the logical extent is at the top,
bottom, or side of the drawing, the bar is either horizontal (top or bottom) or
vertical (left or right side).
When you release
the pick button, panning stops. You can release the pick button, move the
cursor to another location in the drawing, and then press the pick button again
to pan the display from that location.
To stop panning
at any time, press ENTER or ESC.
II.2.3 REGEN
REGEN
regenerates the entire drawing and recomputes the screen coordinates for all
objects in the current viewport. It also reindexes the drawing database for
optimum display and object selection performance.
Command
line: regen
II.2 CIRCLE
Draw
toolbar:
Command
line: circle
Specify
center point for circle or [3P (Three Points)/2P (Two Points)/Ttr (tan tan
radius)]: Specify a point or enter an option
Center
Point
Draws a circle
based on a center point and a diameter or a radius.
Specify
radius of circle or [Diameter]: Specify a point, enter a value,
enter d, or press ENTER
Radius
Defines the
radius of the circle. Enter a value, or specify a point (2). The distance
between this point and the center point determines the radius of the circle.
Diameter
Draws a circle
using the center point and a specified distance for the diameter.
Specify diameter of circle
: Specify a point (2), enter a value, or press ENTER
3P (Three
Points)
Draws a circle
based on three points on the circumference.
Specify
first point on circle: Specify a point (1)
Specify
second point on circle: Specify a point (2)
Specify
third point on circle: Specify a point (3)
2P (Two
Points)
Draws a circle
based on two endpoints of the diameter.
Specify
first endpoint of circle's diameter: Specify a point (1)
Specify second
endpoint of circle's diameter: Specify a point (2)
TTR (Tan,
Tan, Radius)
Draws a circle
with a specified radius tangent to two objects.
Specify
point on object for first tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc,
or line
Specify
point on object for second tangent of circle: Select a circle, arc,
or line
Specify radius of circle 
II.3 ARC
Draw
toolbar:
Command
line: arc
Specify
start point of arc or [CEnter]: Specify a point, enter ce, or press
ENTER to start tangent to last line, arc, or polyline
Start
Point
Specifies the
starting point of the arc.
Specify
second point of arc or [CEnter/ENd]:
Draws an arc
using three specified points on the arc's circumference. The first point is the
start point (1). The third point is the endpoint (3). The second point (2) is a
point on the circumference of the arc.
Specify end
point of arc: Specify a point (3)
Center
Specifies the
center of the circle of which the arc is a part.
Specify
center point of arc:
Specify end
point of arc or [Angle/chord Length]:
|
Using the center point (2), draws an
arc counterclockwise from the start point (1) to an endpoint that falls on an
imaginary ray drawn from the center point through the third point (3).
Specify
included angle: Specify an angle
Draws either a
minor or a major arc based on the distance of a straight line between the start
point and endpoint.
If the chord
length is positive, AutoCAD draws the minor arc counterclockwise from the start
point. If the chord length is negative, AutoCAD draws the major arc
counterclockwise.
Specify
length of chord: Specify a length
End
Specifies the
endpoint of the arc.
Specify end
point of arc:
Specify
center point of arc or [Angle/Direction/Radius]:
Draws an arc counterclockwise from
the start point (1) to an endpoint that falls on an imaginary ray drawn from
the center point (3) through the second point specified (2).
Draws an arc counterclockwise from the start point (1) to an endpoint (2), with a specified included angle. If the angle is negative, AutoCAD draws a clockwise arc.
Specify
included angle: Enter an angle in degrees or specify an angle by moving the
pointing device counterclockwise
Begins the arc tangent to a specified
direction. It creates any arc, major or minor, clockwise or counterclockwise,
beginning with the start point (1), and ending at an endpoint (2). AutoCAD
determines the direction from the start point.
Specify
tangent direction for the start point of arc:
II.4 ELLIPSE
Draw
toolbar:
Command
line: ellipse
Specify axis
endpoint of ellipse or [Arc/Center/Isocircle]: Specify a point or
enter an option
Axis
Endpoint
Defines the
first axis by its two endpoints. The angle of the first axis determines the
angle of the ellipse. The first axis can define either the major or the minor
axis of the ellipse.
Specify
other endpoint of axis: Specify a point (2)
Specify
distance to other axis or [Rotation]: Specify a distance by entering
a value or locating a point (3), or enter r
Distance to
Other Axis
Defines the
second axis using the distance from the midpoint of the first axis to the
endpoint of the second axis (3).
Rotation
Creates the
ellipse by appearing to rotate a circle about the first axis.
Specify
rotation around major axis: Specify a point (3), or enter an angle
value between 0 and 89.4
Move the crosshairs around the center of the ellipse and click. If you enter a value, the higher the value, the greater the eccentricity of the ellipse. Entering 0 defines a circular ellipse.
II.5 POINT
Draw toolbar:
Command
line: point
Specify a
point:
Points can act
as nodes to which you can snap objects. You can specify a full
three-dimensional location for a point. The current elevation is assumed if you
omit the Z coordinate value.
The PDMODE and PDSIZE system
variables control the appearance of point objects. PDMODE values 0, 2, 3, and 4
specify a figure to draw through the point. A value of 1 specifies that nothing
is displayed.
Specifying the
value 32, 64, or 96 selects a shape to draw around the point, in addition to
the figure drawn through it:
PDSIZE controls
the size of the point figures, except for PDMODE values 0 and 1. A setting of 0
generates the point at 5 percent of the drawing area height. A positive PDSIZE
value specifies an absolute size for the point figures. A negative value is
interpreted as a percentage of the viewport size. The size of all points is
recalculated when the drawing is regenerated.
After you change
PDMODE and PDSIZE, the appearance of existing points changes the next time
AutoCAD regenerates the drawing.
Divide
DIVIDE marks off
a specified number of equal lengths on a selected object by placing point
objects or blocks along the length or perimeter of the object. Objects that you
can divide include arcs, circles, ellipses and elliptical arcs, polylines, and
splines.
Draw menu: Point Divide
Command
line: divide
Select
object to divide: Use an object selection method
Enter number
of segments or [Block]: Enter a value from 2 through 32,767, or
enter b
Places point
objects at equal intervals along the selected objects.
The illustration
shows a polyline divided into five parts. Point Display mode ( PDMODE) has been set such that
the points can be seen.
Measure
The points or
blocks drawn by MEASURE are placed in the Previous selection set, so you can
choose them all by entering p at the next Select Objects prompt. You can use
the Node object snap to draw an object by snapping to the point objects. You
can then remove the points by entering erase previous.
Draw menu: Point 
Measure
Measure
Command
line: measure
Select
object to measure:
Specify
length of segment or [Block]: Specify a distance or enter b
Places point
objects at the specified interval along the selected object, starting at the
endpoint closest to the point you used to select the object.
Measurement of
closed polylines starts at their initial vertex (the first one drawn).
Measurement of circles starts at the angle from the
center set as the current snap rotation angle. If the snap rotation angle is 0,
then the measurement of the circle starts to the right of center, on its
circumference.
The illustration
shows how MEASURE marks 0.5-unit distances along a polyline, with the PDMODE system variable set to
35.
I.6 DONUT
Draw
menu: Donut
Command
line: donut
Specify
inside diameter of donut : Specify a distance or press
ENTER
If you
specify an inside diameter of 0, the donut is a filled circle.
Specify
outside diameter of donut : Specify a distance or
press ENTER
Specify
center of donut or : Specify a point (1) or press ENTER
to end the command
AutoCAD sets the location of the
donut based on the center point. After you specify the diameters, AutoCAD
prompts you for the locations at which to draw donuts. AutoCAD draws a donut at
each point specified (2).
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